考研信息网【官方站】—国内主流考研网站,考研信息第一平台!

考研信息网【官方站】

考研英语:语法大全(数词及用法)

摘要:  英语数词  概说  定义和特征  1)表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫做数词(numeral)。  2)数词与不定代词相似,其用法或者相当于形容...

  英语数词

  概说

  定义和特征

  1)表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫做数词(numeral)。

  2)数词与不定代词相似,其用法或者相当于形容词,或者相当于名词。

  种类

  1)基数词 表示"多少"的词叫做基数词(cardinal numeral),如:one (一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)等。

  2)序数词 表示"第几"的词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral),如:first (第一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。

  基数词

  100以下的基本的墓数词

  1 one[wQn] 11 eleven[i5levn]

  2 two[tu:] 12 twelve[twelv]

  3 three[Wri:] 13 thirteen [5We:5ti:n]

  4 four[fC:] 14 fourteen

  5 five [faiv] 15 fifteen [5fif5ti:n]

  6 six[siks] 16 sixteen

  7 seven [5sevn] 17 seventeen

  8 eight [eit] 18 eighteen[5ei5ti:n]

  9 nine[nain] 19 nineteen

  10 ten[ten] 20 twenty [5twenti]

  21 twenty-one [5twenti5wQn] 60 sixty

  30 thirty [5WE:ti] 70 seventy

  40 forty [5fC:ti] 80 eighty

  50 fifty[5fifti] 90 ninety

  说明:

  1)13-19皆以后缀-teen[5ti:n]结尾,它们都有两个重音。注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的发音和拼法。

  2) 20-90第十位数的整数均以后缀-ty[ti]结尾。

  3)十位数和个位数之间须用连字号"-"。如:twenty-one(二十一),fifty-five(五十五),ninety-nine(九十九)等。

  100以上的基本的基数词

  100 hundred [5hQndrid]

  1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]

  1,000,000 million [5niljEn]百万

  100,000,000 hundred million 一亿

  1,000 million (=billion)十亿

  499 four hundred and ninety-nine(101-999如此构成)

  3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventy-six (1001-9999皆如此构成)

  57,453 fifty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-three(10001-99999)皆如此构成)

  768, 921 seven hundred sixty-eight thousand nine hundred and twenty-one

  8,641, 457 eight million six hundred forty-one thousand four hundred and fifty-seven

  50, 000, 000 fifty million

  500, 000, 000 five hundred million

  5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)

  50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)

  说明:

  1)100和100以上的基数词须用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。

  2)十位数与百位数之间有and。但也有不用and的情况,如850可以读作eight hundred fifty。

  基数词的用法

  基数词在句中可用作下列句子成分:

  1)主语

  Two plus nine is eleven.二加九等于十一。

  Four times six is twenty-four. 四乘六得二十四。

  Three of them went to college last year.他们当中去年有三人上大学了。

  (如说the three of them,意思则是"他们三个人")

  2)宾语

  Give me two.给我两个。

  3)定语

  There are nineteen students in our class.我们班有十九个同学。

  My uncle bought two hand tractors recently.我叔叔最近买了两台手扶拖拉机。

  (注)hundred(百),thousand(千)和million(百万)作定语用时一律不用复数;作名词用(后面多跟of短语)时则用复数。如:

  Our country has a population of l,200 million people.我国有十二亿人口。

  There are three thousand students in the university.这所大学有三千学生。

  Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of years.水稻在东方已经种植了几千年。

  Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.玉米是全世界千百万人最主要的粮食。

  4)表语

  She is just fourteen.她刚十四岁。

  He was already forty when he began to learn English他开始学英语时已经四十岁了。

  序数词

  1-99的基本的序数词

  序数词 缩写式 汉译

  first [fE:st] lst 第一

  second [5sekEnd] 2nd 第 二

  third [We:d] 3rd 第三

  fouth [fC:W] 4th 第四

  fifth[fifW] 5th 第五

  sixth[siksW] 6th 第六

  seventh[5sevenW] 7th 第七

  eighth[eitW] 8th 第八

  ninth[nainW] 9th 第九

  tenth[tenW] 10th 第十

  eleventh 11th 第十一

  twelfth[twelfW] 12th 第十二

  thirteenth 13th 第十三

  nineteenth 19th 第十九

  twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th 第二十

  fortieth 40th 第四十

  fifty-first 51st 第五十一

  sixty-second 62nd 第六十二

  eighty-third 83rd 第八十三

  ninety-fourth 94th 第九十四

  说明:

  1)英语序数词1-19除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基数词后加-th [W]构成。

  2)有几个序数词加 -th 时拼法不规则,它们是:fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。

  3)十位整数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位整数基数词的词尾 -ty 中的y变成i,然后加-eth [iW]。

  4)基数词"几十几"变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。如twenty-one变成twenty-first。

  5)序数词的缩写形式,由阿拉伯数码后加上序数词的最后两个字母构成。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。

  序数词的用法

  序数词在句中可用作下列各个句子成分:

  1)主语

  The first is better than the second.第一个比第二个要好。

  2)宾语

  He was among the first to arrive.他是首批到达的。

  3)定语

  China exploded its first atom bomb in October 1964.中国于1964年10月爆炸了第一颗原子弹。

  His father died in the Second World War.他父亲在第二次世界大战中死去。

  4)表语

  Jack is always the first to get to the office in the morning.杰克每天早晨总是第一个到办公室。

  [注]序数词前面常用定冠词the。

  分数和小数的读法

  1)分数(fraction)分子为基数词,分母为序数词并有复数。

  1/2 one half [hB:f]; 1/3 one-third; 2/3 two-thirds;

  1/4 one-fourth或 one quarter [5kwC:tE]; 3/4 three-fourths或 three quarters; 2 3/5 two and three-fifths.

  2)小数(decimal)

  0.5 zero [5ziErEu] point five; 1.25 one point two five; 3.458 three point four five eight.


 

院校推荐